nfhl;lhuk; Nrfu rig tuyhW

mUs;ehjH ,NaRtpd; mbr;Rtl;ilg; gpd;gw;wp nray;gl;LtUk; nfhl;lhuk; Nrfu rigapd; tuyhW.

tzf;fk;

jpUr;rig kf;fs; midtUk;> jkJ rig tuyhw;iwAk;> rigapd; njhlf;f fhyKjy; gzpahw;wpa rigj; jiytHfs;> nghWg;ghsHfs;> rig kf;fs; MfpNahH Mw;wpAs;s mUk;gzpfisAk; njspthfj; njhpe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. jk; tho;it KOikahf mHg;gzpj;J nray;gl;l ngUkf;fs; tho;itg; gpd;gw;wpj; jhKk; gzpnra;tjw;F ,J cWJizahf mikAk;.

njhlf;f tuyhW

Kf;flYk; rq;fkpf;Fk; fd;dpahFkhpapypUe;J Nkw;F 5 fp.kP. njhiytpy;> Njrpa neLQ;rhiyapd; Xuj;jpy; tlf;Fg;Gwk;> fhz;NghH fz;izf; ftUk; epiyapy; fl;b vOg;gg;gl;Ls;s Myaj;ij ikakhff; nfhz;L ,aq;fptUk;> nfhl;lhuk; Nrfu rigapd; tuyhW GJikahd xd;W. fd;dpahFkhpg; Nguhaj;jpYs;s gpw rigfspd; tuyhw;Wld; ,jid xg;gpl;Lg; ghHj;jhy;> nfhl;lhuk; Nrfu rigapd’ tuyhW> tpj;jpahrkhd xd;whff; fhzg;gLk;.

nfhl;lhuk; Nrfu rig mike;Js;s ,lk; ,d;W “kp\d; fhk;gTz;L” vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. xU fhyj;jpy; ,J “fs;spf;fhL” vd;W $wg;gl;lJ. fs;spr; nrbfs; epiwe;J> GjH kz;bf; fple;j ,e;j ,lj;jpy; kf;fs; fhy;itf;f Kbahky; ,Ue;jJ. ,g;nghOJ> ,e;j ,lk; ftHr;rp kpf;fjhf khwpAs;sJ. fpwp];jtk; ,q;F fhy;gjpj;jNj ,jw;Ff; fhuzk;.

,e;j ,lj;jpy; jpU;rig cUthtjw;Fg; gy Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dNu fpwp];jtk; fhy;gjpj;jJ. 1866 – Mk; Mz;Ltiu> md;iwa jpUtpjhq;$H rk];jhdj;jpd; njd;gFjpapy;> ehfHNfhtpy;> N[k;];lTz;> rhe;jGuk; vd;Dk; %d;W Nrfuq;fs; mike;jpUe;jd. ,yz;ld; kp\ndwpr; rq;fj;jpd; fPo; ,e;j Nrfuq;fs; ,aq;fpte;jd.

N[k;];lTz; Nrfuj;jpd; fPopUe;j> $lq;Fsk;> ,uhkypq;fGuk;> tlf;fd;Fsk;> MtiuFsk;> ahf;NfhGuk;> gz;iz Mfpa MW rigfSk;> S.P.G. kp\Df;F khw;wg;gk;kd. ,jdhy; N[k;];lTz; Nrfuk; nray; ,oe;jJ. ,jw;Fg; gjpyhf> nfhl;lhuk; Nrfuk; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; mg;NghJ ,q;Nf jpUr;rig ,y;iy.

1865 Kjy; N[k;];lTz; Nrfuj;jpd; nghWg;G tfpj;Jte;j fdk; tpy;ypak; yP mtHfs; nfhl;lhuk; Nrfu nghWg;ig Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhH. mtH ,q;Nf te;jgpd; Njrpa neLQ;rhiy Xuk; fs;spf;fhlhff; fhzg;gl;l ,lj;jpy; 14 Vf;fH G+kpia tpiyf;F thq;fp> rPHjpUj;jk; nra;J> rpwpa fl;blk; xd;iwf; flb mjpy; jq;fpapUe;J nfhl;lhuk; Nrfuj;jpd; nghWg;ig Vw;Wg; gzp nra;jhH. mg;nghOJ nfhl;lhuk; Nrfuj;jpy; 28 rigfSk;> ,uz;L ,e;jpag; NghjfHfSk;> gl;lk; ngwhj 26 rig CspaHfSk;> 467 jpUr;rigahUk;> 3637 fpwp];ftHfSk; ,Ue;jdH. 19 Mz; ghlrhiyfSk;> 7 ngz; ghlrhiyfSk; mikf;fg;gl;bUe;jd.

kUj;Jtkid

fdk; tpy;ypak; yP ,q;F kp\ndwpg; gzpiaj; njhlq;fpa fhyj;jpy;> nfhl;lhuj;jpy; jpUr;rig cUthftpy;iy. xU NghHbq; ghlrhiyAk; NtWrpy fl;blq;fSk; fl;lg;gl;ld. mtw;Ws; xU fl;blj;jpy; rpwpa kUj;Jtkid nray;gl;lJ. ,e;j kUj;Jt kidapy; Wood Thorpe Beare Memorial vd;Dk; ngaH gyif ,Ue;jJ. ,tuJ tuyhW njhpatpy;iy. fl;blk; fl;Ltjw;fhd epjpia ,tH nfhLj;jpUf;fyhk; vd;W fUjg;gLfpwJ. ,e;jf; fl;blk; gpw;fhyj;jpy; gy khw;wq;fs; nra;ag;gl;L ,d;iwa NghjfH ,y;ykhf cs;sJ. mjd; mUfpYs;s rpwpa fl;blq;fs;> nrg;gdplg;glhky; gy Mz;Lfs; ,Ue;jjhy; 1970 Mk; Mz;L ,bj;J khw;wg;gl;ld.

Nrfu khw;wk;

1868 - Mk; Mz;L> mz;ikapYs;s gQ;rypq;fGuk; ghHg;gzHfSf;Fk; kp\ndwpfSf;Fk; ,ilNa Vw;gl;l fUj;J Ntw;Wikfshy; rpy rpf;fy;fs; cUthapd. ,jdhy; rkag; gif Njhd;wpaJ.

1866 - ,y; ,e;jpaHfs; rpyH NghjfH gl;lk; ngw;wdH. 1867 - ,y; ntspehl;L kp\ndwpfs; rpyH jq;fs; ehl;bw;Fr; nrd;wdH. ,jdhy; kp\ndwpfspd; vz;zpf;if Fiwe;jjhy;> nfhl;lhuk; Nrfuk; epWj;jg;gl;L ehfHNfhtpy; Nrfuj;Jld; ,izf;fg;gl;lJ. vdNt> ,e;j ,lk; ftdpg;ghuw;Wg; Ngha;tpl;lJ.

[_gpyp kz;lgk;

nfhl;lhuk; Nrfuj;Jf;F thq;fpa 14 Vf;fH epyj;jpd; Nkw;Fg; gFjpapy; 4 Vf;fH epyk; kp\Df;F xJf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jd; xU gFjpapy; L.M.S. bhpg;gps; [_gpyp kz;lgk; xd;W fl;Ltjw;fhf 30-08-1955 md;W ehfHNfhtpy; Nrfuj;Jg; NghjfH kiwj;jpU. J.A. N[f;fg;> M.A.,B.D mtHfshy; mbf;fy; ehl;lg;gl;L> fl;blk; fl;lg;gl;lJ. 30-01-1956 md;W ,e;jpahtpd; L.M.S. fhhpajhprp mUs;jpU. C.S. fpNwa;f; mtHfs; jpwe;J itj;jhH. ,jw;fhd vOj;Jf;fy; fl;blj;jpy; cs;sJ.

nfhl;lhuj;jpy; Myak; fl;lg;gLtJ tiu ,e;j [_gpyp kz;lgj;jpy; Muhjid eilngw;wJ. mNjhL> N[k;];lTz; rHf;fpspd; mYtyfkhfTk; ,J gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,e;j lz;lgj;jpy; 12-02-1959 md;W xU jpUkz MuhjidAk; 15-03-1959 ,y; %d;W rigfSf;fhd jpUtpUe;J MuhjidAk; eilngw;Ws;sd.

tPl;L kidfs; mikj;jy; (kp\d; fhk;gTz;L cUthjy;)

nfhl;lhuk; kp\d; g+kpapy; kf;fs; FbapUg;G mikg;gjw;fhd jpl;lk; 1955 - ,y; tFf;fg;gl;lJ. N[k;];lTz; rHfps; fTd;rpypd; ghpe;Jiuia Vw;W> njd;jpUtpjhq;$H rghNyhridr; rq;fk;> FbapUg;G kidfs; cUthf;Fk; jpl;lj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhz;lJ. Tof;fw;QH jpU. A. Nerkzp> B.A.,B.L.,M.P. mtHfs; tphpthd jpl;lk; xd;iw mikj;Jf; nfhLj;jhH. mjd; mbg;gilapy;> rHf;fps; NghjfH kiwjpU. A. rhKNty; mtHfs;> ,jw;fhf xU FO mikj;J nray;gLj;jpdhH. ,e;jf; FOtpy; mr;rd;Fsk; jpU. NahNty;> gukjhdGuk; jpU. VRtbad;> kiwjpU. Rthkpjh]; MfpNahH ,lk;ngw;W rpwg;ghfg; gzpahw;wpdH.

kp\Df;Fkpa 14 Vf;fH epyj;jpd;> Nkw;Fg;Gwj;jpy;> Myak; kw;Wk; kp\d; fl;llq;fs; fl;Ltjw;F 4 Vf;fH epyj;ij xJf;fptpl;L> kPjpAs;s 10 Vf;fH g+kpapy; FbapUg;G kidfs; mikg;gjw;Ff; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jpy; xt;nthd;Wk; 10 nrd;W mstpy; 70 tPl;Lkid epyq;fshfg; gFf;fg;gl;L> 23 ypq;]; tPjpapy; njUf;fSl; nghlg;gl;ld. ,tw;Ws; xU kidia nghJ cgNahfj;jpw;F xJf;fptpl;L kPjpAs;s kidfis> md;Ws;s tpiyapy;> gpd;tUk; epge;jidfNshL C.S.I. fpwp];jtHfSf;Ff; nfhLf;fj; jPHkhdpf;fg;gl;lJ.

epge;jidfs;

  1. tPl;Lkid thq;FNthH> MW khjq;fSf;Fs; tPLfl;b; FbapUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
  2. FbapUg;NghH> nfhl;lhuk; rigapy; cWg;gpduhfr; Nru Ntz;Lk;.

,e;j epge;jidfis Vw;W tPl;Lkid thq;fpNahhpy; rpyH ,tw;iwg; gpd;gw;wtpy;iy. xUrpyH xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l kidfis thq;fpdH. epyj;jpd; tpiy Vw;wj;jpd; fhuzkhfj; jhk; thq;fpa epyj;ij kw;wtHfSf;F tpw;Wtpl;ldH. rpyH jhk; thq;fpa epyj;jpy; tPL fl;lhky; ntWikahfg; Nghl;Ltpl;ldH. 45 FLk;gq;fs; kl;LNk tPLfl;bf; FbNawpdH.

nghJkidapd; gad;ghLfs;

tPl;Lkidapd; njd;Gwj;jpy; xJf;fpa nghJkidapy;> kf;fspd; gad;ghl;bw;fhf gQ;rhaj;J A+dpadpypUe;J FbePH fpzW xd;W ntl;lg;gl;lJ. $l;LwT rq;fKk; muR mikj;Jf; nfhLj;jJ. $l;LwT rq;fj;jpd; cjtpNahLk;> Nrfu fTd;rpy;> kw;Wk; khjH rq;f cWg;gpdH toq;fpa epjpAlDk;> khjH eyf; fl;blk; xd;W fl;lg;gl;lJ. ,e;j fl;blk; gpd;dH nfhl;lhuk; rigf; fkpw;wpf;F khw;wpf; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ.

,e;j khjH eykd;wf; fl;blj;jpy;> jkpo;top koiyaH gs;spAk;> ngUkhs;uk; khjH ey kd;wKk; ,aq;p te;jd. koiyaH gs;spapd; Kjy; Mrphpiaahf jpUkjp. R. Nks;rp [h];kpd; mtHfSk;> khjH ey kd;wj;jpd; Kjy; jiytpaf jpUkjp. ];lhhp mUikehafk; mtHfSk; gzpahw;wpdH. khjH ey kd;wj;jpy; ngz;fSf;fhd ijay; gapw;rp> rikay; gapw;rp> ifj;njhopy; gapw;rp Mfpait muR cjtpAld; nfhLf;fg;gl;ld.

,e;jf; fl;blj;jpd; fpof;Fg; gf;fj;jpy; rig> xU fl;blk; fl;b> Y.M.C.A. njhlq;fpaJ. Rpy Mz;LfSf;Fg; gpd; kUj;Jtkid elj;Jtjw;fhf ,f; fl;blk; thliff;Ff; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. khjH rq;f fl;blj;ij xl;b gQ;rhaj;J A+dpad; xU rikay; miw fl;bf; nfhLj;jJ. mJ koiyaH gs;spapd; rikay; $lkhf gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

Myak; fl;Lk; gzp

tPl;L kidfs; mikf;fg;gl;L> tPLfs; fl;b kf;fs; FbNawj; njhlq;fpa ,lj;jpw;F “nfhl;lhuk; kp\d; fhk;gTz;L” vd;W ngaH it;fg;gl;lJ. kp\d; fhk;gTz;bYk; mijr; Rw;wpAs;s ,lq;fspYk; fpw;];jtH gyH tho;e;jdH. Mdhy; mtHfs; Muhjid elj;Jtjw;F trjpahd Myak; 1958 tiu fl;lg;gltpy;iy. Nrfu kf;fspd; nhJf; $l;la;fSf;Fk;> kp\d; hk;gTz;L kf;fs; Muhjidfs; elj;Jtjw;Fl; trjpahf> mofpa Myak; fl;lNtz;Lnkd Nrfuf; fTd;rpy; jPHkhdpj;jJ. ,jid Vw;W> kp\Df;F xJf;fg;gl;l ,lj;jpd; njd; Nkw;Fg; gFjpapy; Myak; fl;Lk; gzp njhlq;fpaJ. 21-09-1958 md;W> njd;jpUtpjhq;$H MjPdj;jpd; NguhaH> caHkiwjpU. A.H. nyf; mtHs; Myaj;jpw;F mbf;fy; ehl;bdhH. Fl;Lkhd gzpfs; njhlHe;J eilngw;wd.

Myak; 82 mb ePsKk; 30 mb mfyKk;> ,UGwKk; 30 * 16 mbfs; nfhz;l rpwFfSk;> gpd;Gwj;jpy; 18 * 12 mbfspy; ,uz;L miwfSk; cilajhf fl;Ltjw;Fj; jPHkhdpf;fg;gl;L> m];jpghuk; Nghlg;gl;lJ. m];jpghug; gzp kbe;jgpd; rpW njha;T Vw;gl;lJ. mJtiu nrythd njhif &. 3>159.25.

rpy ehl;fSf;Fg; gpd;dH RtH fl;Lk; gzp njhlq;fg;gl;L tpiutha; ele;jJ. Fl;Lkhd; gzpfs; XusT epiwT ngw;w gpd;dH 07-10-1965 md;W> fd;dpahFkhpg; NguhaH NguUs; jpU. I.R.H. Qhdjhrd; mtHfkhy; jpUj;jpwg;G nra;ag;gl;lJ.

fl;Lkhdg; gzpia elj;jpatHfs;

nfhl;lhuk; Nrfuj;Jf;F cl;gl;l gy rigfspd; cWg;gpdH> ,q;F Myak; fl;Lk; nghWg;gpid Vw;W Kidg;Gld; nray;gl;ldH.

Myaf; fl;blg; gzpiaf; ftdpf;f xU nghJf;FOTk; nraw;FOTk; mikf;fg;gl;lJ. m];jpghu Ntiy KbAk; tiu ,f;FOf;fspd; fd;tPduhf (jiytuhf) mr;rd;Fsk; jpU. S. NahNty; bPf;fdhH nghWg;G tfpj;jhH. mtuJ kiwTf;Fg; gpd;dH re;ijab rig jpU. A.Y. Nerd; bPf;fdhH jiytuhfTk; (fd;tPdH)> Nkyr;re;ijab rig bPf;fdhH jpU. J. [hd; Njtrfhak; re;ijab rig bPf;fdhH jpU. J. Njtrfhak; nghl;ly;Fsk; rig bPf;fdhH jpU. S. Rthkpjh]; Nkyr;re;ijab rig bPf;fdhH jpU. R. Fl;bf;fz; Nrfu nrayhsH jpU. N. [hd; nuj;jpdkzp NghjfH kiwjpU. Y.J. mrhpah NghjfH kiwjpU. Y. N[hjpghf;fpak; MfpNahiu cWg;gpdHfshfTk; nfhz;l nraw;FOTk; rpwg;ghfr; nray;gl;Ls;sJ.

md;whl fl;Lkhd Ntiyfis jpU. J. Njtrfhak; bPf;fdhH mtHfs; Kd;dpd;W ftdpj;J te;jhH.

Kjd;ik MrhhpaH Fz;ly; rig jpU. T. Gjpa Nahthd;> Kjd;ik nfhj;jdhH FkhungUkhs;tpis jpU. #irkhpahd; MthH. gzg; gw;whf;Fiw Vw;gl;l fhyq;fspy; jpU. S. Rthkpjh]; bPf;fdhH Kd;gzk; nfhLj;J cjtpdhH.

ed;nfhil ngWjy;

Myak; fl;Ltjw;Fg; gyH ed;nfhil toq;fpAs;sdH. nghJf;FO cWg;gpdHfs;> Nrfu kw;Wk; MjPd kf;fs; ,jw;fhfg; gzk; nfhLj;Js;sdH. NkYk; ePyfphp> %zhW> Midkiy> gPHNkL Kjypa kiyg;gFjpfSf;Fk; nrd;W ed;nfhil ngwg;gl;lJ. ,t;thW gphpT nra;j njhif &. 20>000 f;F NkyhFk;. Nguhak; toq;fpa cjtpj; njhif &. 9>007.07 Myaf; fl;blj;jpd; Kjw;gFjp fl;b Kbg;gjw;F nrythd njhif &. 29>549.71 MFk;.

Myaf; fjTfs; toq;fpNahH

Myaj;jpy; epWj;jg;gl;Ls;s epiyfSk;> mtw;wpy; nghUj;jg;gl;Ls;s fjTfSk; gyuhy; ,ytrkhf toq;fg;gl;litfshFk;.

Myaj;jpd; Kd; fy;epiy gzpjPHj;J Kfpyd;Fb rigahy; tplg;gl;lJ. ,jw;Ff; fjT nghUj;jpatH> ff;fuk; nghj;ij jpU. ghf;fpaehjd; mtHfshthH. Myaj;jpy; nkhj;jk; VO fy;epiyfs; cs;sd. mtw;Ws; vQ;rpa epiyfisg; gpd; tUNthH nfhLj;J cjtpdH.

,uz;L fy;epiyfs; yPGuk; rigahYk;> xU epiy Nkyr;re;ijab rig bPf;fdhH jpU. R. Fl;bf;fz; mtHfshYk;> xU epiy nfhl;lhuk; rig bPf;fdhH jpU. D. VRjh]; mtHfshYk; xU epiy nghl;ly;Fsk; jpU. ey;NahNrg;G mtHfshYk; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ.

fy;epiyfSf;F gyifahy; fjTfs; mikf;f epjp cjtp nra;jtHfs;:

  • ehfHNfhtpy; jpU. A. uh[nuj;jpdk;
  • ehfHNfhtpy; jpUkjp. gpahl;hp]; nry;tk;
  • kiyad;tpis jpU. P. ghf;fpaehjd;> MrphpaH
  • kiyad;tpis jpU Nah. Nja;trfhak;> bPf;fdhH
  • fUk;ghl;^H jpU. S. Rthkpjh];
  • nuj;jpdGuk; jpU. VRghjk;
  • Nfhl;ilab jpU. D. mUshde;jk;> bPf;fdhH
  • Nghl;ly;Fsk; jpU er;NahNrg;G

n[ggPlk; mikf;Fk; nghWg;ig kiwj;jpU. A. rhKNty; mtHfSk; FLk;gKk; Vw;Wf;nfhz;ldH. Rpy fjTfSf;F epwf; fz;zhbfs; nghUj;Jtjw;fhd nryit> Kfppyd;Fb jpU V. ey;yjk;gp fz;lf;lH toq;fpdhH.

md;W Myak; fl;Ltjw;F Vw;gl;l nrytpdk; &. 29>549.71 ,jpy; MjPdj;jpy; ,Ue;J ngw;w njhif &. 9>007.07 kl;Lk;. kPjpj; njhif Nrfu kf;fshYk;> J}uj;jpYk;> gf;fj;jpYKs;s gpw rigiar; rhHe;jtHfshYk; ed;nfhilahf toq;fg;gl;litahFk;.

,e;j Myak; kp\d;fhk;gTz;L kf;fSf;F MyakhfTk;> Nrfu kj;jparigahfTk; nray;gLk; Nehf;fj;Jld; fl;lg;gl;ljhFk;. 1960 [_d; khjk; fd;dpzhFkhpg; Nguhak; cUthdNghJ ,Ue;j 8 Nrfuq;fspy; ,JTk; xd;W. md;W ,r;rigapd; cWg;gpdHfs; nkhj;jk; 10> bPf;fd;khH 3> ve;jtpj gzg;gS ,y;yhky; Nrfukhf gpwg;gpNyNa mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;ljhFk;. Mdhy; ehl;fs; fle;j gpwF Nguhaj;jpy; gy rigfs; gzgyj;jhy; Nrfu me;j];J Nfhhpa NghJ Fwpg;gpl;l njhif khje;NjhWk; Assesment fl;l Ntz;Lk; vd;w nfhs;ifia tFj;J Nrfu rigfSf;F $Lj;y; Assesment tpjpj;jJ. ,e;jf; nfhs;ifia nfhl;lhuk; Nrfu rigf;Fk; nray;gLj;j tpUk;kpajhy; 1994 tiu ,e;jf; $Ljy; gSit rpukg;gl;Lj; jhq;jpdJ. 1993 -y; &. 3140 Mf ,Ue;j njhif 1994 -y; &. 4500 vd;w mstpy; caHe;jJ. me;j fhy fl;lj;jpy; Vw;gl;l epjp epiyikia caHj;Jtjw;fhf jpUkz epiwT> gpwe;jehs;> khjhe;jpuk;> rq;f fhzpf;if caHT Nghd;wit %yk; epjp cau rig kf;fs; NguhjuT nfhLj;jdH.